3D Modelling and rendering
3D modelling and 3D rendering range from the audiovisual field such as film and television, to interior design and architecture for new construction or virtual 3D reconstruction of heritage.
These are two different phases of the same process in which amazing projects are created with the help of a computer and in which a professional achieves a realistic representation of an object or scene. The process includes modelling, texturing, lighting and rendering. The rise of the metaverse is making 3D more and more important.
What is 3D modelling?
3D modelling is a technique used to create three-dimensional forms of one or more objects. This is done in a virtual space through technology.
3D modelling is a professional process that nowadays allows us to “give life” to objects that do not exist in real life and thanks to new technologies the designer is able to create an object from scratch, either through 3D printing or through a virtual experience such as a virtual 3D reconstruction of the heritage.
3D modelling and rendering today is not only focused on the creation of augmented reality environments for gaming or video games, but is also in great demand in sectors such as architecture or archaeology, for the virtual reconstruction of heritage.
Virtual heritage reconstruction
What exactly is the virtual reconstruction of historical heritage? It consists of using digital techniques to show what heritage sites and spaces were like in the past. Something that is possible today thanks to current documents and photogrammetry, among other techniques.
Thanks to the virtual reconstruction of heritage, we can see with our own eyes what buildings and heritage were like in the past, improving the experience for visitors and tourists by making it more immersive. It is also a non-invasive system as it is not necessary to work on the heritage itself, so its value is not put at risk. Moreover, thanks to photogrammetry, it is a modern way of documenting heritage that has disappeared or is currently at risk of disappearing.
As we have seen before, in order to document cultural heritage, it is necessary to resort to information that can help to build the digital version of the project as it was. One of the most advanced techniques in this sense is digital photogrammetry, which has become a favourite due to its reduced costs, flexibility and optimal results.
Photogrammetry and virtual reconstruction
Photogrammetry is the technique of obtaining a 3D model of an object or environment, with reliable measurements, by “recording, measuring and interpreting images and patterns of radiant and other electromagnetic energy”. It can be applied to buildings and all kinds of objects such as works of art, archaeological sites, monuments or landscapes. How is it achieved? By means of aerial and ground-based photography. The use and popularisation of drones has facilitated access to aerial photographs in a convenient, cheap and simple way.
We can say that photogrammetry has been a revolutionary means for the virtual reconstruction of heritage, as it provides us with concrete details of the ruins of constructions and monuments with little margin for error. This makes it possible to recreate spaces as they were in the past.
By combining the techniques of photogrammetry and 3D modelling we can obtain excellent results in everything related to virtual reconstructions of heritage and also of current spaces that require a user to be able to immerse themselves in a specific space. This is undoubtedly a trend thanks to the growing importance of the metaverse in which three-dimensional spaces are recreated.
What is 3D rendering?
To talk about rendering we must consider its origin. If we refer to a render, we are referring to that which it represents or portrays.
Therefore, 3D rendering is the process that allows us to obtain digital images taken from a three-dimensional model through a computer system. That is to say, to obtain a fairly realistic image from any perspective taken from 3D models using specific software.
The intention is to generate a sensation of depth with various processes that allow textures to be given to the elements of the image. Besides, to simulate lighting and employ photographic techniques to produce visual effects similar to those of the real world or physical space.
The purpose of these images is to imitate in a photorealistic way environments, lights and materials of a 3D model. The specialised 3D rendering programmes allow the rendering of a cladding with the same characteristics as the model. The aim is to achieve a well-defined project as close as possible to the base reference.
Where is 3D rendering applied?
3D rendering is the best ally of communication, graphic design and advertising companies. It is considered a fundamental tool in the audiovisual field and video production.
This technique is also used in the field of construction to recreate houses, buildings or new constructions. In this way it is possible to have an idea of what they would be like in reality.
When a photorealistic rendering of buildings (interior and exterior) is made, it is used as a tool for analysis and control of the work produced. At the same time, it helps clients to understand design choices and forms.
Types of 3D rendering
There are two types of 3D rendering, the difference being in the speed of the images. These are:
Real Time Rendering
It is mainly used in interactive graphics, such as in video games, to compute images from 3D data at a fast or very fast rate.
Offline Rendering
It is the most commonly used and is used in situations where high speed processing is not necessary. It consists of transforming any object to be appreciated or visualised at any time. We must be clear that in order to achieve a 3D render, first a 3D modelling must be done.
Through these techniques we bring your ideas to life by modelling them.
To achieve precise finishes, consult me, a professional graphic designer specialising in 3D modelling and rendering, and take your ideas to another level.